Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, May 22, 1760

Point Shirley.  Then set out on a campaign for the total reduction of Canada.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Wednesday, May 28, 1760

Arivd at Albany to the camp; found my company incamping in good health.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Thursday, May 29, 1760

Sent a letter home by the post. Recd orders to be ready for command up the river & to leave my tent standing.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Friday, May 30, 1760

Rec'd orders from Genrall Amherst to proceed to Fort Miller with a number of battoes loaded with provisions & a com'd of 50 men.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Monday, June 2, 1760

Onloade the battoes at the rifts above half moon, & proceed with emty battoes to Still Water.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Tuesday, June 3, 1760

Recd 240 barrells flour & drew 2 days allowance to carry to Fort Miller.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 4

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Wednesday, June 4, 1760

Arivd at Fort Miller at night & landed the provisions, & am here stationed for the transportation of provisions from hence to Fort Edward.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, pp. 4-5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Thursday, June 5, 1760

Drew five days allowance to bring my men up to the time of others on station draw.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Friday, June 6, 1760

Capt Smith arivd to releive me & for me to proceed forward with my own company. This day proud wet, & a sorry party of the Massachusetts troops arivd We were hurried in transporting the provisions & battoes across the carrying place.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Saturday, June 7, 1760

Continued at ye station in giting over battoes & provisions.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Sunday, June 8, 1760

Orders for my company to proceed with the party that is ready for Fort Edward; myself to tary till Col° Th^os arives for my orders to proceed. This day my company put of in battoes for Fort Edward, & I have recd orders to follow them in the first boats.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Monday, June 9, 1760

Imbarqud on board Capt. Dunbars battoe for Fort Edward; arivd there before night; found my company incampt on the plain; went to view the fort, which I think is well built, but not well sictuated for to stand a seige.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Tuesday, June 10, 1760

Recd orders to march to Lake George, & march^t of about 10 oclock A. M. in one colum. Ariv^d at Lake George, & incamp before night.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Wednesday, June 11, 1760

Remaind incamp; went to view the works; drew 2 days allowance to carry us to Ticondaroga.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Thursday, June 12, 1760

Sent a letter home by Mr Dix. . . . This morning struck our tents, & decampt at revaloe beating, then march down to ye battoes & imbarqud for Ticondaroga. The wind blowing hard a head, we put a shore at a small distance from ye fort on ye east side ye lake; the wind abateing, we set off & came to the first narrows on a small island & stopt to cook, haveing come 12 miles. The land on each side is exceeding mountainous, & abounds with vast number of rattlesnakes; our people killd 6 or 8 on this small island. Then put of, as soon as the rear came up & refresh themselves, to another island near Sabbath Day Point, & campt.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Friday, June 13, 1760

We got our breakfasts; then the Col. gave orders to put off for Ticondaroga. Got there about three oclock P. M. & landed, & the Col^o went with a small escort to the fort & returnd; gave orders for the troops to march & incamp at the saw mill about a mile from ye landing, which was accordingly done; here all the officers that had never been on this land had to pay their entrance.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Saturday, June 14, 1760

Remaind incampt at the mills. Here great numbers of the camp ladys came down from Crown Point on their way to Albany; sum of them interceding to be taken back. Here we are like to draw arms, haveing marcht all the way hither without. Expect to march for Crown Point to morrow, having detacht Lieut. Pope & 12 men to tarry at Ticondaroga with L. Col. Miller, who has a detachment of 300 men to stop there.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 5-6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Sunday, June 15, 1760

This morning we drew our arms & six cartriges a man. After delivering out the arms & ammunitision we imbarqud on board battoes, 32 in each, for Crownpoint; set off, & pasd by the fort at Ticondaroga, which is very pleasantly scituated on ye Lake Champlain, & commands the Narrows and the entrance of South Bay. Here lay the Great Reddoe & 2 sloops waiting for a wind to proceed to Crown-point. It being late in the day, we could not reach Crownpoint. The Col^o ordered the regiment to incamp near a block house, which is 2 miles from the main fort. The land on each side this lake is level, & looks like good land, & all looks pleasant & agreable.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Monday, June 16, 1760

Decampt early this morning, & arivd at Crownpoint; landed above the fort, & incampt. This day it raind & thundred prety much in ye forenoon. Went to view the works, which I think, when finished, may be justly stild the strongest place the English has on the continent. Here, I' bleive, is our station for this campeign, for there is an immense sight of work to be done before these forts are compleated.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Tuesday, June 17, 1760

This morning I was ordred off with 200 men across the lake in order to git sum spruce. Capt Brewer of the Rangers went to pilot us; when we got a shore we march with front, rear, & flank guards. Returnd without any molestation from ye enemy; brought a fine quantity of spruce. The commanding officer on the station gave us his thanks for the service we had done.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Wednesday, June 18, 1760

This day I was off duty. At the evening we espyd a fire¹ made on the west side the lake about 6 miles down. Imediately a party & sum of our pequit gaurd was sent in 2 battoes & a whale boat for to discover who they be. As Rogers is out with a large party tis supposed it is sum of his returning.

_______________

¹ See Sergeant Holden's Journal, 2 Proceedings, vol. iv. p. 392.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Thursday, June 19, 1760

This day, Major Skeen, who went out to se wat the fire was made for, returned about 9 oclock A. M., & brought in 2 of our men that run away from the French; they had been without provisions 6 day, living on strawberrys & roots. About noon we discoverd several boats coming up the lake from toward St Johns, which proves to be sum of our people that have been in captivity; there is about 130 in all. They bring us the agreable news of the French being obliged to raise the seige of Quebeck in the greatest confusion, with the loss of 3,500 men, & all their arteliry, & all their camp equipage, & that the country is all in confusion.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 6

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Friday, June 20, 1760

This day the train are carying the shott & shells in great numbers out of the fort down to the wharfe, in order to ship on board the vessels; & great numbers are at work in preparing cartriges & other necessarys for the expedition which I bleive will be formd her against the fortifyed island & St. Johns. This day I wrote several letters to be ready to send by sum of the prisioners that are going home to New England. This after noon a whale boat was sent off with dispatches to Major Rogers, &c.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, pp. 6-7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Saturday, June 21, 1760

This day proud rainy. We spent the day in our tent writeing letters & disputeing sum points of concequence. At evening we drank to our wives & sweethearts, &c.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Sunday, June 22, 1760

This day provd very pleaseant. I was of duty. Should be glad to have some news from home to amuse my self. No regard is paid in general here to sacred time. This day I heard a band of musick at the commanding officers tent while they were dineing, which was very delightfull, tho in my opinion not so seasonable on such days of sacred appointment.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Monday, June 23, 1760

This day was very rainy & wet. I kept in my tent most of the day. Toward night it cleard of. Sum of Major Rogers party arivd from a scout. At nine oclock in ye evening the Major came in himself, & 26 French prisioners with him, taken about 3 miles from St. John's Fort. He has destroyd a small pequited fort & several houses, & a great quantity of provisions. This was effected without any blood shed or fireing a gun.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Tuesday, June 24, 1760

This day fair & pleasant. I had the care of a 100 men to work in the King's Garden, which is the finest garden I ever saw in my life, having at least 10 acres inclosed, & mostly sowd & improud. This day one of our pretenders to a commission was whipt a 100 lashes at post for disobeying orders & insolent language.¹

_______________

¹ Sergeant Holden's Journal gives the name of John Bunker. 2 Proceedings, vol. iv. p. 393.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Wednesday, June 25, 1760

This morning Capt Harris's company came up to ye incampment; brings no news or letters. This day, about 9 oclock A. M., a flag of truce arivd from Canada. There is a general officer in the flag of truce, & they was sent down directly to Genl Amherst, who we hear set of 3 days agon from Shenaetada.² I hear, by Capt Harris, that Mr. Sam1 Berry is stationed at Fort Edward; is got so far promoted as to have a second lievtenancy with Cap Henry Brown.

_______________

² Probably Schenectady.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Thursday, June 26, 1760

This day I took a quantity of stores of Mr. Forsey in order to supply my men. I rec^d a letter from Boston with Liev^t Richardsons commission in it. Went directly to the settlers to wett it, so it might wear well withou cracking. Several battoes ariv^d here with provision from Ticondaroga. The weather clear & pleasant. 

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 7

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Friday, June 27, 1760

Today Col. Ingersoll & Major Willard & 4 capts & 300 men, were sent up the lake in order to cut timber to finish the works.¹ To day I am of duty; went to see the detachment imbarque. This day the prisioner that were sent hear by the enemy went off for New England & N. York.

_______________

¹ Col. Joseph Ingersoll and Major Caleb Willard. Holden's Journal makes a trifling difference in the numbers sent. See 2 Proceedings, vol. iv. p. 393.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, pp. 7-8

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Saturday, June 28, 1760

To day I detacht 7 men of my company to go in the artelery under the command of Cap. Jones. Went out to walk round to see the land; could see where the Indians used to carry our people in order to burn. I am told great numbers of them have been caried there to suffer to satisfie their insatiate loue of blood & cruelty. At night we followed the old custom of drinking to wives & swetthearts.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 8

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Sunday, June 29, 1760

To day the weather is quite pleasant, — a rare thing in this part of the word. I see no regard paid to this day, without it is to put more men on duty. Can hear no news from home at all, no way.

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 8

Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks, Monday, June 30, 1760

This day I have the pequit guard. Sent the Lievt & 36 men across the lake to git sum bark for the hospitall. The weather showrey. I wrote a letter home, having an oppertunity to send it directly to Boston. To day 2 men belonging to our troops was caryed to the hospital, being taken with the small pox.² I am in hopes it wont spread, for all possible care is taken to prevent it, the hospitall being 2 miles off the incampment; & our colonels have not had it; so they will, I trust, take the more care that it dont spread.

_______________

² See 2 Proceedings, vol. iv. p. 393

SOURCE: Samuel Jenks, Diary of Captain Samuel Jenks During the French and Indian War, 1760, p. 8

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, April 5, 1758

I Lemuel Lyon of Woodstock Inlisted under Captain David holms of Woodstock in newingLand For this present Cannody Expordition¹ —I Received of Captain Holms £2.0s.,0d.

_______________

¹ Canada expedition.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 11

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, May 30, 1758

Received £3,-16-0.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 11

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, June 2, 1758

We arrived at Colonal Maysons at 12 o'Clock and marched from their to Landard¹ Abits & Sergent Stone treated us their then we marched to mansfield to Deacon Eldridgs about four o'clock—then we marched to Bolton to Landard trils, and we gave 7d a night for horse keeping.

_______________

¹ Landlord. The proprietor of an inn or tavern was universally called landlord. The title is still very prevalent.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, pp. 11-12

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Wednesday, June 7, 1758

We had Carts to press,¹— then we marched of from their to Landard Strengs in Harford and from their to Landard Geds & had raw Pork for dinner-then we marched to Landard Crews and the Chief² lodges their — My mess lodged at a private house one Daniel Catlins.

_______________

¹ To take carts for the military service. Under martial law, any private property may be used for the public good. A just government always pays a fair price for the same.

² Probably General Lyman, who was the commander-in-chief of the Connecticut forces at that time.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 12

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Thursday, June 8, 1758

Marched of and arived at Landard Gessels and their we went to Brecfirst and then we marched from their to our stores in Litchfield¹ to Squire Sheldings and then to Landard Buels and lodged their and our Captain was sent for to a man in another Company that had fits.

_______________

¹ In Litchfield county, Connecticut.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 12

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Friday, June 9, 1758

Then marched from their and we had nu teams presed their and we arrived at Landard Hollobuts in Goshen from their to widow Leggets in Cornwell¹ and from their to Coles in Cainan² & lodged their.

_______________

¹ Cornwall.

² Canaan.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 12

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Saturday, June 10, 1758

Marched to Lawrences and from thence to Landard Bushes in Shefield 7 mile and went to diner—thence marched and arived at one Garnt Burges and lodged their and our Ensign went to Prayer with us—

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 12

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Sunday, June 11, 1758

Marched into the Paterroon Lands¹ to Landard Lovejoys & went to diner had a hard shower then marched into Cantihook² to one Hayer Carns the Stone house & lodged their & from thence to Cantihook Town to one Bushes and slept their.

_______________

¹ Livingston's manor, in Columbia county. The estates of Livingston, Van Rensselaer, and others, who received grants of land from government, on certain conditions, in order to encourage immigration and agriculture, were called Patroon Lands, and the proprietors were entitled Patroons, or patrons.

² Kinderhook.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 13

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Monday, June 12, 1758

At Cantihook.¹

_______________

¹ Kinderhook.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 13

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Tuesday, June 13, 1758

Marched and arived at the half way house in Albany & Bated, & then into Green Bush by Son down and lodged their in Ranslays Barn.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 13

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Wednesday, June 14, 1758

Stil at Albany and their I first shifted my clothes and washed them-then we had 6 rounds of powder & ball & had orders from Colonel Whiting to go to Senakada¹—this day Asel Carpenter came to Albany.

_______________

¹ Schenectady.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 13

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Thursday, June 15, 1758

We went over the River Early to receive our rations in provision and in money and we marched 2 Miles and stoped and refreshed ourselves their half an hour and Lieut. Smith came up and we received our Abilitan money.¹

_______________

1  Billeting-money—that is, money to pay for lodgings at private houses. When soldiers are quartered at private houses, it is said that such ones are billeted at such a house, &c.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 13

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Friday, June 16, 1758

We had Prayers in our company at 3 Ock then all marched of but 14 and they stayed here to guard Lieut Smith and the money and yesterday Mr. Holmes sot of for Home and I giv 5 pence for carring my letter—we stayed here til 5 oclock this afternoon and we heard nothing from Lieut Smith and we had no provisions so we marched for Scanacata¹ and we got in at Son down well & their was a Larrom² this night

_______________

¹ Schenectady.

² Alarum, or alarm.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, pp. 13-4

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Saturday, June 17, 1758

Stil at Schenacata¹ and we moved into our Barrocks and Barnabas Evings was taken poor with a working in the Body Ben denny was taken very poor.

_______________

¹ Schenectady.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 14

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Sunday, June 18, 1758

I was first called upon guard with 15 more. My turn came first at 11 oclock—this afternoon 3 ock Lieut. Smith come up with our abilitan money.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 14

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Monday, June 19, 1758

Stil at Schenacata¹ and their was a rigiment of province men² come up to Schenacata and this night 25 of our men went over the River west 1 mile to guard wagon Horses—this day a short training 1 Regiment.

_______________

¹ Schenectady.

² Provincial troops, or American soldiers. The English troops were called regulars.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 14

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Tuesday, June 20, 1758

Their marched of 3 Hundred of the Bay Force¹ for Fort Edward² and I received my abilitan in full £1.8s.0d.

_______________

¹ Massachusetts Bay troops. The Massachusetts colony was called Massachusetts Bay until after the War for Independence.

² Fort Edward was situated upon the east bank of the Hudson, about fifty miles north from Albany.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, pp. 14-5

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Wednesday, June 21, 1758

Stil hear and we were imbodied for prayers in the morning and then trained a little. Corperal Carpenter was taken poor.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 15

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Thursday, June 22, 1758

Had orders to march to the half moon¹ and Captain Leneses company to & at 7 oclk we marched and arivd at Tess-ceune² and Lodged their at Landard Abraham Grotes.

_______________

¹ Near Waterford, on the west side of the Hudson river, thirteen miles north from Albany.

² Niskayuna, a short distance from Waterford, and remarkable as a settlement of Shaking Quakers.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 15

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Friday, June 23, 1758

Marched in the rain and very gresy traviling it was and we Arivd at Teburth and from thence to the place cald Lowdins Ferry¹ to Landard Fungdors and from thence to the half moon & Lodged their.

_______________

¹ On the Mohawk, about five miles above Cohoes Falls. It was the chief crossing-place for troops on their way north from Albany. There the right wing of the American army, under Arnold, was encamped, while General Schuyler was casting up entrenchments at Cohoes Falls, a few weeks before the Saratoga battles, in 1777.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 15

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Saturday, June 24, 1758

I received a Letter from John at the half moon and from thence we marched & Arived at Stil Water¹ & Lodged their & Barnabas Evings was poor.

_______________

¹ Stillwater is on the west bank of the Hudson, in Saratoga county, twenty-four miles north from Albany. The battle of Bemis's heights was fought near there, in 1777, and is sometimes known as the battle of Stillwater. Opposite the mouth of the Hoosick river, at Stillwater, was a stockade, called Fort Winslow.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, pp. 15-6

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Sunday, June 25, 1758

We got 2 Battoes¹ to carry our packs up to Salatogue² and we went a foot & 8 of our men were draun out to stay at Salatogue — Captain Lewis shot at an Indian and kild him & sot in the Battoe — from Salatogue we marched on to Fort Miller³ and Lodged their.

_______________

¹ A batteau is a kind of scow or flat-boat, used on shallow streams like the Hudson above Waterford.

² Saratoga. This settlement was near the mouth of the Fish creek, on the south side. The village of Schuylerville is just across the stream, on the north side. On the plain, in front of the village of Schuylerville, was a regular quadrangular fortification, with bastions, called Foil Hardy. It was erected in 1756, and named in honor of the governor of New York at that time.

³ On the west side of the Hudson, six or eight miles below Fort Edward. The river is there broken by swift rapids. During this campaign, Major (afterward General) Putnam was here surprised by a party of Indians, and boldly descended the rapids in a canoe, and escaped. It was a feat they never dared to attempt, and they felt certain that he was under the protection of the Great Spirit. Here a stream called Bloody Run enters the Hudson. It is so named because a party of soldiers from the garrison, in 1759, went there to fish, were surprised by the Indians, and nine were killed and scalped.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 16

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Monday, June 26, 1758

Rainy and wet — I come up the River in a Battoe to Fort Edward to the incampment — their we drad ½ a pound of powder and 10 Bullets a peace and 8 days provision in order for to march to the Lake¹ — Barnabas Evings was very poor with fever nago² and was forst to stay behind & David Bishop with him — we Lodged in Bush tents and very wet it was.

_______________

¹ Lake George.

² Fever-and-ague.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 16

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Tuesday, June 27, 1758

Marched all of Colonel Phiches¹ Regiment that were hear with 3 teams to carry the officers we arrived at the half way Brook² and their a great percel stashond for a while & from thence we Marched to Lake George and went over upon the hill East & their Encamptt one with myself went upon guard this night.

_______________

¹ [Eleazer] Fitch's.

² Afterward called Snook's creek. It enters the Hudson three miles below Fort Edward.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 17

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Wednesday, June 28, 1758

We cleard our ground and pitchd our tents I sent 2 letters home.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 17

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Thursday, June 29, 1758

Stil here General Limon¹ & Colonel Phiches Regiments come up to the Lake this day I washed my Cloths 1 more rigiment come up.

_______________

¹ General Phineas Lyman, who built Fort Edward. He was a native of Durham, Connecticut, where he was born in 1716. He completed his education at Yale college, and afterward became an eminent lawyer. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Connecticut forces in 1755, and in the expedition to Lake George deserved all the honor awarded to General Johnson, who was jealous of Lyman's abilities as a soldier. Lyman did his duty nobly, and was but little noticed. Johnson was unfit for his station, but being a nephew of Sir Peter Warren, then a popular English admiral, he received the honor of knighthood, and the sum of twenty thousand dollars, for his services in that campaign! General Lyman served with distinction until the close of the campaign in 1760, and in 1762 commanded the American forces sent against Havana. He was in England about eleven years, and, after his return, went with his family to the Mississippi, where he died in 1788.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, p. 17

Journal of Private Lemuel Lyon, Friday, June 30, 1758

This day there was a very unhapy mishap fel out in the province forces & that was 1 * * * * shot one * * * * partly through the body but did not kil him the man which was shot lived at Bridgwater to day they drawd out 9 men to go in Battoes up the Lake.

SOURCE: Abraham Tomlinson, Editor, The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775, pp. 17-8

Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763

The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship between his Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain. Concluded at Paris the 10th day of February, 1763. To which the King of Portugal acceded on the same day. (Printed from the Copy.)

In the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. So be it.

Be it known to all those whom it shall, or may, in any manner, belong,

It has pleased the Most High to diffuse the spirit of union and concord among the Princes, whose divisions had spread troubles in the four parts of the world, and to inspire them with the inclination to cause the comforts of peace to succeed to the misfortunes of a long and bloody war, which having arisen between England and France during the reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Second, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued under the reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third, his successor, and, in its progress, communicated itself to Spain and Portugal: Consequently, the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire; the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Lewis the Fifteenth, by the grace of God, Most Christian King; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Charles the Third, by the grace of God, King of Spain and of the Indies, after having laid the foundations of peace in the preliminaries signed at Fontainebleau the third of November last; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Don Joseph the First, by the grace of God, King of Portugal and of the Algarves, after having acceded thereto, determined to compleat, without delay, this great and important work. For this purpose, the high contracting parties have named and appointed their respective Ambassadors Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, viz. his Sacred Majesty the King of Great Britain, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, John Duke and Earl of Bedford, Marquis of Tavistock, c. his Minister of State, Lieutenant General of his Armies, Keeper of his Privy Seal, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Christian King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Csar Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of his Orders, Lieutenant General of his Armies and of the province of Britanny, Counsellor of all his Counsils, and Minister and Secretary of State, and of his Commands and Finances: his Sacred Majesty the Catholick King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, Knight of the Most Christian King's Orders, Gentleman of his Catholick Majesty's Bedchamber in Employment, and his Ambassador Extraordinary to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Faithful King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Martin de Mello and Castro, Knight professed of the Order of Christ, of his Most Faithful Majesty's Council, and his Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty.

Who, after having duly communicated to each other their full powers, in good form, copies whereof are transcribed at the end of the present treaty of peace, have agreed upon the articles, the tenor of which is as follows:

Article I. There shall be a Christian, universal, and perpetual peace, as well by sea as by land, and a sincere and constant friendship shall be re established between their Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties, and between their heirs and successors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, subjects, and vassals, of what quality or condition soever they be, without exception of places or of persons: So that the high contracting parties shall give the greatest attention to maintain between themselves and their said dominions and subjects this reciprocal friendship and correspondence, without permitting, on either side, any kind of hostilities, by sea or by land, to be committed from henceforth, for any cause, or under any pretence whatsoever, and every thing shall be carefully avoided which might hereafter prejudice the union happily re-­established, applying themselves, on the contrary, on every occasion, to procure for each other whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interests, and advantages, without giving any assistance or protection, directly or indirectly, to those who would cause any prejudice to either of the high contracting parties: there shall be a general oblivion of every thing that may have been done or committed before or since the commencement of the war which is just ended.

II. The treaties of Westphalia of 1648; those of Madrid between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1661, and 1670; the treaties of peace of Nimeguen of 1678, and 1679; of Ryswick of 1697; those of peace and of commerce of Utrecht of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; the treaty of the triple alliance of the Hague of 1717; that of the quadruple alliance of London of 1118; the treaty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitive treaty of Aix la Chapelle of 1748; and that of Madrid, between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1750: as well as the treaties between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal of the 13th of February, 1668; of the 6th of February, 1715; and of the 12th of February, 1761; and that of the 11th of April, 1713, between France and Portugal with the guaranties of Great Britain, serve as a basis and foundation to the peace, and to the present treaty: and for this purpose they are all renewed and confirmed in the best form, as well as all the general, which subsisted between the high contracting parties before the war, as if they were inserted here word for word, so that they are to be exactly observed, for the future, in their whole tenor, and religiously executed on all sides, in all their points, which shall not be derogated from by the present treaty, notwithstanding all that may have been stipulated to the contrary by any of the high contracting parties: and all the said parties declare, that they will not suffer any privilege, favour, or indulgence to subsist, contrary to the treaties above confirmed, except what shall have been agreed and stipulated by the present treaty.

III. All the prisoners made, on all sides, as well by land as by sea, and the hostages carried away or given during the war, and to this day, shall be restored, without ransom, six weeks, at least, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty, each crown respectively paying the advances which shall have been made for the subsistance and maintenance of their prisoners by the Sovereign of the country where they shall have been detained, according to the attested receipts and estimates and other authentic vouchers which shall be furnished on one side and the other. And securities shall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prisoners shall have contracted in the countries where they have been detained until their entire liberty. And all the ships of war and merchant vessels Which shall have been taken since the expiration of the terms agreed upon for the cessation of hostilities by sea shall likewise be restored, bon fide, with all their crews and cargoes: and the execution of this article shall be proceeded upon immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty.

IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction, and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

V. The subjects of France shall have the liberty of fishing and drying on a part of the coasts of the island of Newfoundland, such as it is specified in the XIIIth article of the treaty of Utrecht; which article is renewed and confirmed by the present treaty, (except what relates to the island of Cape Breton, as well as to the other islands and coasts in the mouth and in the gulph of St. Lawrence:) And his Britannick Majesty consents to leave to the subjects of the Most Christian King the liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on condition that the subjects of France do not exercise the said fishery but at the distance of three leagues from all the coasts belonging to Great Britain, as well those of the continent as those of the islands situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as to what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the island of Cape Breton, out of the said gulph, the subjects of the Most Christian King shall not be permitted to exercise the said fishery but at the distance of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island of Cape Breton; and the fishery on the coasts of Nova Scotia or Acadia, and every where else out of the said gulph, shall remain on the foot of former treaties.

VI. The King of Great Britain cedes the islands of St. Pierre and Macquelon, in full right, to his Most Christian Majesty, to serve as a shelter to the French fishermen; and his said Most Christian Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands; to erect no buildings upon them but merely for the conveniency of the fishery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men only for the police.

VII. In order to re-establish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove for ever all subject of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by this article.

VIII. The King of Great Britain shall restore to France the islands of Guadeloupe, of Mariegalante, of Desirade, of Martinico, and of Belleisle; and the fortresses of these islands shall be restored in the same condition they were in when they were conquered by the British arms, provided that his Britannick Majesty's subjects, who shall have settled in the said islands, or those who shall have any commercial affairs to settle there or in other places restored to France by the present treaty, shall have liberty to sell their lands and their estates, to settle their affairs, to recover their debts, and to bring away their effects as well as their persons, on board vessels, which they shall be permitted to send to the said islands and other places restored as above, and which shall serve for this use only, without being restrained on account of their religion, or under any other pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: and for this purpose, the term of eighteen months is allowed to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty; but, as the liberty granted to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to bring away their persons and their effects, in vessels of their nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions were not taken to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between his Britannick Majesty and his Most Christian Majesty, that the number of English vessels which have leave to go to the said islands and places restored to France, shall be limited, as well as the number of tons of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail at a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time. It has been farther agreed, that his Most Christian Majesty shall cause the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels; that, for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two French clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall be visited in the landing places and ports of the said islands and places restored to France, and that the merchandize which shall be found t herein shall be confiscated.

IX. The Most Christian King cedes and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty, in full right, the islands of Grenada, and the Grenadines, with the same stipulations in favour of the inhabitants of this colony, inserted in the IVth article for those of Canada: And the partition of the islands called neutral, is agreed and fixed, so that those of St. Vincent, Dominico, and Tobago, shall remain in full right to Great Britain, and that of St. Lucia shall be delivered to France, to enjoy the same likewise in full right, and the high contracting parties guaranty the partition so stipulated.

X. His Britannick Majesty shall restore to France the island of Goree in the condition it was in when conquered: and his Most Christian Majesty cedes, in full right, and guaranties to the King of Great Britain the river Senegal, with the forts and factories of St. Lewis, Podor, and Galam, and with all the rights and dependencies of the said river Senegal.

XI. In the East Indies Great Britain shall restore to France, in the condition they are now in, the different factories which that Crown possessed, as well as on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa as on that of Malabar, as also in Bengal, at the beginning of the year 1749. And his Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretension to the acquisitions which he has made on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa since the said beginning of the year 1749. His Most Christian Majesty shall restore, on his side, all that he may have conquered from Great Britain in the East Indies during the present war; and will expressly cause Nattal and Tapanoully, in the island of Sumatra, to be restored; he engages farther, not to erect fortifications, or to keep troops in any part of the dominions of the Subah of Bengal. And in order to preserve future peace on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa, the English and French shall acknowledge Mahomet Ally Khan for lawful Nabob of the Carnatick, and Salabat Jing for lawful Subah of the Decan; and both parties shall renounce all demands and pretensions of satisfaction with which they might charge each other, or their Indian allies, for the depredations or pillage committed on the one side or on the other during the war.

XII. The island of Minorca shall be restored to his Britannick Majesty, as well as Fort St. Philip, in the same condition they were in when conquered by the arms of the Most Christian King; and with the artillery which was there when the said island and the said fort were taken.

XIII. The town and port of Dunkirk shall be put into the state fixed by the last treaty of Aix la Chapelle, and by former treaties. The Cunette shall be destroyed immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, as well as the forts and batteries which defend the entrance on the side of the sea; and provision shall be made at the same time for the wholesomeness of the air, and for the health of the inhabitants, by some other means, to the satisfaction of the King of Great Britain.

XIV. France shall restore all the countries belonging to the Electorate of Hanover, to the Landgrave of Hesse, to the Duke of Brunswick, and to the Count of La Lippe Buckebourg, which are or shall be occupied by his Most Christian Majesty's arms: the fortresses of these different countries shall be restored in the same condition they were in when conquered by the French arms; and the pieces of artillery, which shall have been carried elsewhere, shall be replaced by the same number, of the same bore, weight and metal.

XV. In case the stipulations contained in the XIIIth article of the preliminaries should not be compleated at the time of the signature of the present treaty, as well with regard to the evacuations to be made by the armies of France of the fortresses of Cleves, Wezel, Guelders, and of all the countries belonging to the King of Prussia, as with regard to the evacuations to be made by the British and French armies of the countries which they occupy in Westphalia, Lower Saxony, on the Lower Rhine, the Upper Rhine, and in all the empire; and to the retreat of the troops into the dominions of their respective Sovereigns: their Britannick and Most Christian Majesties promise to proceed, bon fide, with all the dispatch the case will permit of to the said evacuations, the entire completion whereof they stipulate before the 15th of March next, or sooner if it can be done; and their Britannick and Most Christian Majesties farther engage and promise to each other, not to furnish any succours of any kind to their respective allies who shall continue engaged in the war in Germany.

XVI. The decision of the prizes made in time of peace by the subjects of Great Britain, on the Spaniards, shall be referred to the Courts of Justice of the Admiralty of Great Britain, conformably to the rules established among all nations, so that the validity of the said prizes, between the British and Spanish nations, shall be decided and judged, according to the law of nations, and according to treaties, in the Courts of Justice of the nation who shall have made the capture.

XVII. His Britannick Majesty shall cause to be demolished all the fortifications which his subjects shall have erected in the bay of Honduras, and other places of the territory of Spain in that part of the world, four months after the ratification of the present treaty; and his Catholick Majesty shall not permit his Britannick Majesty's subjects, or their workmen, to be disturbed or molested under any pretence whatsoever in the said places, in their occupation of cutting, loading, and carrying away logwood; and for this purpose, they may build, without hindrance, and occupy, without interruption, the houses and magazines necessary for them, for their families, and for their effects; and his Catholick Majesty assures to them, by this article, the full enjoyment of those advantages and powers on the Spanish coasts and territories, as above stipulated, immediately after the ratification of the present treaty.

XVIII. His Catholick Majesty desists, as well for himself as for his successors, from all pretension which he may have formed in favour of the Guipuscoans, and other his subjects, to the right of fishing in the neighbourhood of the island of Newfoundland.

XIX. The King of Great Britain shall restore to Spain all the territory which he has conquered in the island of Cuba, with the fortress of the Havannah; and this fortress, as well as all the other fortresses of the said island, shall be restored in the same condition they were in when conquered by his Britannick Majesty's arms, provided that his Britannick Majesty's subjects who shall have settled in the said island, restored to Spain by the present treaty, or those who shall have any commercial affairs to settle there, shall have liberty to sell their lands and their estates, to settle their affairs, recover their debts, and to bring away their effects, as well as their persons, on board vessels which they shall be permitted to send to the said island restored as above, and which shall serve for that use only, without being restrained on account of their religion, or under any other pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: And for this purpose, the term of eighteen months is allowed to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty: but as the liberty granted to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to bring away their persons and their effects, in vessels of their nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions were not taken to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between his Britannick Majesty and his Catholick Majesty, that the number of English vessels which shall have leave to go to the said island restored to Spain shall be limited, as well as the number of tons of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail at a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time: it has been farther agreed, that his Catholick Majesty shall cause the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels; that for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two Spanish clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall be visited in the landing places and ports of the said island restored to Spain, and that the merchandize which shall be found therein shall be confiscated.

XX. In consequence of the restitution stipulated in the preceding article, his Catholick Majesty cedes and guaranties, in full right, to his Britannick Majesty, Florida, with Fort St. Augustin, and the Bay of Pensacola, as well as all that Spain possesses on the continent of North America, to the East or to the South East of the river Mississippi. And, in general, every thing that depends on the said countries and lands, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights, acquired by treaties or otherwise, which the Catholick King and the Crown of Spain have had till now over the said countries, lands, places, and their inhabitants; so that the Catholick King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King and to the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form. His Britannick Majesty agrees, on his side, to grant to the inhabitants of the countries above ceded, the liberty of the Catholick religion; he will, consequently, give the most express and the most effectual orders that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the Spanish inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Catholick King in the said countries, may retire, with all safety and freedom, wherever they think proper; and may sell their estates, provided it be to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, and bring away their effects, as well as their persons without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts, or of criminal prosecutions: the term limited for this emigration being fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. It is moreover stipulated, that his Catholick Majesty shall have power to cause all the effects that may belong to him, to be brought away, whether it be artillery or other things.

XXI. The French and Spanish troops shall evacuate all the territories, lands, towns, places, and castles, of his Most faithful Majesty in Europe, without any reserve, which shall have been conquered by the armies of France and Spain, and shall restore them in the same condition they were in when conquered, with the same artillery and ammunition, which were found there: And with regard to the Portuguese Colonies in America, Africa, or in the East Indies, if any change shall have happened there, all things shall be restored on the same footing they were in, and conformably to the preceding treaties which subsisted between the Courts of France, Spain, and Portugal, before the present war.

XXII. All the papers, letters, documents, and archives, which were found in the countries, territories, towns and places that are restored, and those belonging to the countries ceded, shall be, respectively and bon fide, delivered, or furnished at the same time, if possible, that possession is taken, or, at latest, four months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, in whatever places the said papers or documents may be found.

XXIII. All the countries and territories, which may have been conquered, in whatsoever part of the world, by the arms of their Britannick and Most Faithful Majesties, as well as by those of their Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, which are not included in the present treaty, either under the title of cessions, or under the title of restitutions, shall be restored without difficulty, and without requiring any compensations.

XXIV. As it is necessary to assign a fixed epoch for the restitutions and the evacuations, to be made by each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed, that the British and French troops shall compleat, before the 15th of March next, all that shall remain to be executed of the XIIth and XIIIth articles of the preliminaries, signed the 3d day of November last, with regard to the evacuation to be made in the Empire, or elsewhere. The island of Belleisle shall be evacuated six weeks after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. Guadeloupe, Desirade, Mariegalante Martinico, and St. Lucia, three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. Great Britain shall likewise, at the end of three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done, enter into possession of the river and port of the Mobile, and of all that is to form the limits of the territory of Great Britain, on the side of the river Mississippi, as they are specified in the VIIth article. The island of Goree shall be evacuated by Great Britain, three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty; and the island of Minorca by France, at the same epoch, or sooner if it can be done: And according to the conditions of the VIth article, France shall likewise enter into possession of the islands of St Peter, and of Miquelon, at the end of three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. The Factories in the East Indies shall be restored six months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. The fortress of the Havannah, with all that has been conquered in the island of Cuba, shall be restored three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done: And, at the same time, Great Britain shall enter into possession of the country ceded by Spain according to the XXth article. All the places and countries of his most Faithful Majesty, in Europe, shall be restored immediately after the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty: And the Portuguese colonies, which may have been conquered, shall be restored in the space of three months in the West Indies, and of six months in the East Indies, after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. All the fortresses, the restitution whereof is stipulated above, shall be restored with the artillery and ammunition, which were found there at the time of the conquest. In consequence whereof, the necessary orders shall be sent by each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal passports for the ships that shall carry them, immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty.

XXV. His Britannick Majesty, as Elector of Brunswick Lunenbourg, as well for himself as for his heirs and successors, and all the dominions and possessions of his said Majesty in Germany, are included and guarantied by the present treaty of peace.

XXVI. Their sacred Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties, promise to observe sincerely and bon fide, all the articles contained and settled in the present treaty; and they will not suffer the same to be infringed, directly or indirectly, by their respective subjects; and the said high contracting parties, generally and reciprocally, guaranty to each other all the stipulations of the present treaty.

XXVII. The solemn ratifications of the present treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged in this city of Paris, between the high contracting parties, in the space of a month, or sooner if possible, to be computed from the day of the signature of the present treaty.

In witness whereof, we the underwritten their Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary, have signed with our hand, in their name, and in virtue of our full powers, have signed the present definitive treaty, and have caused the seal of our arms to be put thereto. Done at Paris the tenth day of February, 1763.

(L.S.) Bedford, C.P.S.

(L.S.) Choiseul, Duc de Praslin.

(L.S.) El Marq. de Grimaldi.

SEPARATE ARTICLES

I. Some of the titles made use of by the contracting powers, either in the full powers, and other acts, during the course of the negociation, or in the preamble of the present treaty, not being generally acknowledged; it has been agreed, that no prejudice shall ever result therefrom to any of the said contracting parties, and that the titles, taken or omitted on either side, on occasion of the said negociation, and of the present treaty, shall not be cited or quoted as a precedent.

II. It has been agreed and determined, that the French language made use of in all the copies of the present treaty, shall not become an example which may be alledged, or made a precedent of, or prejudice, in any manner, any of the contracting powers; and that they shall conform themselves, for the future, to what has been observed, and ought to be observed, with regard to, and on the part of powers, who are used, and have a right, to give and to receive copies of like treaties in another language than French; the present treaty having still the same force and effect, as if the aforesaid custom had been therein observed.

III. Though the King of Portugal has not signed the present definitive treaty, their Britannick, Most Christian, and Catholick Majesties, acknowledge, nevertheless, that his Most Faithful Majesty is formally included therein as a contracting party, and as if he had expressly signed the said treaty: Consequently, their Britannick, Most Christian, and Catholick Majesties, respectively and conjointly, promise to his Most Faithful Majesty, in the most express and most binding manner, the execution of all and every the clauses, contained in the said treaty, on his act of accession.

The present Separate Articles shall have the same force as if they were inserted in the treaty.

In witness whereof, We the underwritten Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary of their Britannick, Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, have signed the present separate Articles, and have caused the seal of our arms to be put thereto.

Done at Paris, the 10th of February, 1763.

(L.S.) Bedford, C.P.S.

(L.S.) Choiseul, Duc de Praslin.

(L.S.) El Marq. de Grimaldi.

His Britannick Majesty's full Power.

GEORGE R.

GEORGE the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch-Treasurer, and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, c. To all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas, in order to perfect the peace between Us and our good Brother the Most Faithful King, on the one part, and our good Brothers the Most Christian and Catholick Kings, on the other, which has been happily begun by the Preliminary Articles already signed at Fontainebleau the third of this month; and to bring the same to the desired end, We have thought proper to invest some fit person with full authority, on our part; Know ye, that We, having most entire confidence in the fidelity, judgment, skill, and ability in managing affairs of the greatest consequence, of our right trusty, and right entirely beloved Cousin and Counsellor, John Duke and Earl of Bedford, Marquis of Tavistock, Baron Russel of Cheneys, Baron Russel of Thornhaugh, and Baron Howland of Streatham, Lieutenant-­general of our forces, Keeper of our Privy Seal, Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the counties of Bedford and Devon, Knight of our most noble order of the Garter, and our Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to our good Brother the Most Christian King, have nominated, made, constituted and appointed, as by these presents, we do nominate, make, constitute, and appoint him, our true, certain, and undoubted Minister, Commissary, Deputy, Procurator and Plenipotentiary, giving to him all and all manner of power, faculty and authority, as well as our general and special command (yet so as that the general do not derogate from the special, or on the contrary) for Us and in our name, to meet and confer, as well singly and separately, as jointly, and in a body, with the Ambassadors, Commissaries, Deputies, and Plenipotentiaries of the Princes, whom it may concern, vested with sufficient power and authority for that purpose, and with them to agree upon, treat, consult and conclude, concerning the re-­establishing, as soon as may be, a firm and lasting peace, and sincere friendship and concord; and whatever shall be so agreed and concluded, for Us and in our name, to sign, and to make a treaty or treaties, on what shall have been so agreed and concluded, and to transact every thing else that may belong to the happy completion of the aforesaid work, in as ample a manner and form, and with the same force and effect, as We ourselves, if we were present, could do and perform; engaging and promising, on our royal word, that We will approve, ratify and accept, in the best manner, whatever shall happen to be transacted and concluded by our said Plenipotentiary, and that We will never suffer any person to infringe or act contrary to the same, either in the whole or in part. In witness and confirmation whereof We have caused our great Seal of Great Britain to be affixed to these presents, signed with our royal hand. Given at our Palace at St. James's, the 12th day of November, 1762, in the third year of our reign.

His Most Christian Majesty's Full Power.

LEWIS, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre, To all who shall see these presents, Greeting. Whereas the Preliminaries, signed at Fontainebleau the third of November of the last year, laid the foundation of the peace re-established between us and our most dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Spain, on the one part, and our most dear and most beloved good Brother the King of Great Britain, and our most dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Portugal on the other, We have had nothing more at heart since that happy epoch, than to consolidate and strengthen in the most lasting manner, so salutary and so important a work, by a solemn and definitive treaty between Us and the said powers. For these causes, and other good considerations, Us thereunto moving, We, trusting entirely in the capacity and experience, zeal and fidelity for our service, of our most dear and well-­beloved Cousin, Csar Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of our Orders, Lieutenant General of our Forces and of the province of Britany, Counsellor in all our Councils, Minister and Secretary of State, and of our Commands and Finances, We have named, appointed, and deputed him, and by these presents, signed with our hand, do name, appoint, and depute him our Minister Plenipotentiary, giving him full and absolute power to act in that quality, and to confer, negociate, treat and agree jointly with the Minister Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most beloved good Brother the King of Great Britain, the Minister Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Spain and the Minister Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Portugal, vested with full powers, in good form, to agree, conclude and sign such articles, conditions, conventions, declarations, definitive treaty, accessions, and other acts whatsoever, that he shall judge proper for securing and strengthening the great work of peace, the whole with the same latitude and authority that We ourselves might do, if We were there in person, even though there should be something which might require a more special order than what is contained in these presents, promising on the faith and word of a King, to approve, keep firm and stable for ever, to fulfil and execute punctually, all that our said Cousin, the Duke of Praslin, shall have stipulated, promised and signed, in virtue of the present full power, without ever acting contrary thereto, or permitting any thing contrary thereto, for any cause, or under any pretence whatsoever, as also to cause our letters of ratification to be expedited in good form, and to cause them to be delivered, in order to be exchanged within the time that shall be agreed upon. For such is our pleasure. In witness whereof, we have caused our Seal to be put to these presents. Given at Versailles the 7th day of the month of February, in the year of Grace 1763, and of our reign the forty-­eighth. Signed Lewis, and on the fold, by the King, the Duke of Choiseul. Sealed with the great Seal of yellow Wax.

His Catholick Majesty's full Power.

DON CARLOS, by the grace of God, King of Castille, of Leon, of Arragon, of the two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, of Navarre, of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of Seville, of Sardinia, of Cordova, of Corsica, of Murcia, of Jaen, of the Algarves. of Algecira. of Gibraltar. of the Canary Islands, of the East and West Indies, Islands and Continent, of the Ocean, Arch Duke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, of Brabant and Milan, Count of Hapsburg, of Flanders, of Tirol and Barcelona, Lord of Biscay and of Molino, c. Whereas preliminaries of a solid and lasting peace between this Crown, and that of France on the one part, and that of England and Portugal on the other, were concluded and signed in the Royal Residence of Fontainbleau, the 3rd of November of the present year, and the respective ratifications thereof exchanged on the 22d of the same month, by Ministers authorised for that purpose, wherein it is promised, that a definitive treaty should be forthwith entered upon, having established and regulated the chief points upon which it is to turn: and whereas in the same manner as I granted to you, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, Knight of the Order of the Holy Ghost, Gentleman of my Be-­chamber with employment, and my Ambassador Extraordinary to the Most Christian King, my full power to treat, adjust, and sign the before-­mentioned preliminaries, it is necessary to grant the same to you, or to some other, to treat, adjust, and sign the promised definitive treaty of peace as aforesaid: therefore, as you the said Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, are at the convenient place, and as I have every day fresh motives, from your approved fidelity and zeal, capacity and prudence, to entrust to you this, and other-­like concerns of my Crown, I have appointed you my Minister Plenipotentiary, and granted to you my full power, to the end, that, in my name, and representing my person, you may treat, regulate, settle, and sign the said definitive treaty of peace between my Crown and that of France on the one part, that of England and that of Portugal on the other, with the Ministers who shall be equally and specially authorised by their respective Sovereigns for the same purpose; acknowledging, as I do from this time acknowledge, as accepted and ratified, whatever you shall so treat, conclude, and sign; promising, on my Royal Word, that I will observe and fulfil the same, will cause it to be observed and fulfilled, as if it had been treated, concluded, and signed by myself. In witness whereof, I have caused these presents to be dispatched, signed by my hand, sealed with my privy seal, and countersigned by my under-­written Counsellor of State, and first Secretary for the department of State and of War. Buen Retiro, the 10th day of December, 1762.

   (Signed)                   I THE KING.

(And lower)                Richard Wall

SOURCES: Treaty of Paris, The Avalon Project, accessed May 11, 2026; Treaty of Paris, treatyofparis.org, accessed May 11, 2026; The London Magazine or Gentleman’s Monthly Intelligencer, Vol. 32 For the Year 1763, pp. 149-56

Diary of Luke Gridley, March 29, 1757

Luke Gridly

His Book

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, p. 23

Diary of Luke Gridley, April 8, 1757

this Day was musterd and took our oaths

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, p. 23

Diary of Luke Gridley, Monday, April 18, 1757

this Day Reseved wages: Bounty furst month wages & Biliting: 3=18=9=0¹ genneral Limmons Com[pany]², marcht ye 18th April

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¹ The bounty this year was 42 shillings, the soldier to find clothes, powder-horn, and bullet-pouch; the wages for a private, £1 125. per month of 28 days; the allowance for billeting, 4s. per week. This would make £4 10s. for the first month; but the clothes were probably furnished by the colony and deducted.

² Lyman's personal company, the first.

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, p. 23

Diary of Luke Gridley, April 22, 1757

we³ marcth.

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³ Payson's company, the third. This first stage was from Farmington to Harwinton, through that part of Bristol afterward set off as Burlington.

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, p. 23

Diary of Luke Gridley, Monday, April 25, 1757

we marcht Licthfeel

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, p. 23

Diary of Luke Gridley, April 26, 1757

to segguts⁴ In Kornwill 36 mi⁵ the next day wich was ye 27th we marcht to Landdard Robins in Cannan to Dine 8 miles: from thence to Landard Reeds In Solsbeary 6 miles

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⁴ The Widow Sedgwick's.

⁵ From Farmington, not Litchfield. - The road from Litchfield to Cornwall was through Goshen.

SOURCE: Luke Gridley, Luke Gridley’s Diary of 1757, pp. 23-4